By: Fariba Nazanin Shah
Us girls and women are no strangers to period cramps (unfortunately). As a whole, the collective term is “dysmenorrhea.” However it may not be that well known that period pain is not just limited to cramps…it can take shape and root in the form of:
Headaches
Back, neck & thigh pain
Sore breasts and nipples
Diarrhea
Nausea
The main culprit? Hormones.
During your period your uterus sheds its linings made of blood and other cells. In order to shed this lining, your uterus contracts and these contractions are stimulated by prostaglandins. However the cramps you feel occur because powerful uterine contractions suppress blood vessels, cutting off oxygen supply to your uterine muscles-leading to pain.
As for back pain, sensitivity and soreness and loose bowels, they too can be traced to hormones. The rapid hormone fluctuations trigger chemical reactions resulting in migraines. The loss of blood and hence iron from your body also contribute to headaches.
Breast sensitivity and soreness usually eases once your period starts but before that, the reason for their occurrence are the hormones progesterone and estrogen. They tend to cause your tissues to expand and swell (in preparation for ovulation).
As for back pain which can spread to thigh pain and even shoulder pain, strong uterine contractions can spread to the pelvic region and extend beyond the abdomen.
Although common but less spoken about are bowel issues. Constipation and diarrhea. Prostaglandins are to blame and can even result in you feeling confused about whether you have cramps or need to poop. Well, prostaglandins seep into the bloodstream and enter your vowels causing them to contract and expel waste.
However, period pain is not limited to just these and sometimes you may experience severe pain which is not normal and could instead be symptoms of:
Endometriosis
Uterine fibroids
Cysts
No matter the case, it’s not to feel moody when on your period-it is a state of immense pain and discomfort however you must make sure to look after yourself by:
Drinking plenty of water to stay hydrated
Taking painkillers and medication if the pain is over the top
Eating well and healthy (to prevent bloating)
Exercising (I know it sounds crazy but small exercises and staying active can actually reduce menstrual pain).
Use hot water bags and drink tea to relieve abdominal pain.
Study
Sources:
What Are Menstrual Cramps & What Causes Them? (buoyhealth.com)
Why You Have Sore Breasts Before Your Period and What to Do About It | SELF
Diarrhea during period: Causes, treatment, and more (medicalnewstoday.com)